Press Enter for full results

Quick Links

Browse By Peptide

Browse By Application

Library Categories

, functional medicine researcher, data analyst, peptide specialist

, functional medicine researcher, data analyst, peptide specialist , functional medicine researcher, data analyst, peptide specialist

Marcus Reid is a functional medicine researcher, data analyst, and peptide specialist, and one of the people who built MyPeptidePal. The platform exists in part because of the years he spent immersed in clinical literature, real-world protocols, and the kind of hands-on experimentation that most textbooks skip entirely. He is not a physician and does not pretend to be. What he is, is someone who has done the work to understand how these compounds actually function at a biological level, what the research actually says versus what the forums claim, and how to explain it in a way that makes sense to anyone willing to learn. At MPP, Marcus contributed to building the knowledge base, the protocol frameworks, and the research systems that power the platform. His work covers tissue repair, metabolic health, hormonal optimization, longevity, cognitive function, and cosmetic applications. When the science gets complicated, his job is to make it click.

Articles by , functional medicine researcher, data analyst, peptide specialist

Survodutide Peptide: The Complete Guide - Uses, Mechanism, Dosing, Safety & Research

Survodutide (also spelled survodutide; development code BI 456906) is an acylated synthetic peptide that simultaneously activates two metabolic hormone receptors: the GLP-1 receptor and the glucagon receptor. It is currently in Phase 3 clinical trials for obesity, type 2 diabetes, and metabolic liver disease. Phase 2 human trial data shows up to 18.7% mean body weight reduction and biopsy-confirmed improvements in liver fibrosis. This guide covers what the survodutide peptide does, how its dual-receptor mechanism works, what the clinical research shows, how it is administered, its safety profile, and its current investigational status.

Survodutide 29 min read

Sermorelin Peptide: The Complete Guide - Uses, Mechanism, Dosing, Safety & Research

Sermorelin is a synthetic 29-amino-acid peptide that replicates the functional portion of the body's own growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH), stimulating the pituitary gland to produce growth hormone in a natural, pulsatile pattern rather than supplying GH directly. It was historically FDA-approved for diagnosing and treating growth hormone deficiency in children, and is now widely used off-label through licensed compounding pharmacies for age-related GH decline, body composition, sleep quality, and recovery support. This guide covers what sermorelin is, how it works, what the research shows, dosing context, side effects, and its current regulatory and sports status.

Sermorelin 27 min read

Semax Peptide: The Complete Guide - Uses, Mechanism, Dosing, Safety & Research

Semax is a synthetic seven-amino acid peptide derived from adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) that was developed in Russia in the 1980s and 1990s to isolate the cognitive and neuroprotective properties of the parent hormone without its adrenal-stimulating effects. It is best known for significantly upregulating BDNF - the brain's primary growth and plasticity factor - in key memory and learning regions, and is used in research contexts for cognitive enhancement, neuroprotection, mood support, and stroke rehabilitation. This guide covers what Semax does, how it works, what the research shows, dosing context, side effects, legal status, and how it compares to related neuropeptides.

Semax 28 min read

Semaglutide + Cagrilintide Peptide Blend: The Complete Guide - Uses, Mechanism, Dosing, Safety & Research

The semaglutide + cagrilintide peptide blend (investigational name: CagriSema) is a fixed-ratio combination of two peptide-based compounds: semaglutide, a GLP-1 receptor agonist, and cagrilintide, a long-acting amylin analogue. Being developed by Novo Nordisk as a once-weekly subcutaneous injection for obesity and type 2 diabetes, the combination activates two distinct appetite-suppression pathways simultaneously. Phase 3 clinical trials have reported approximately 22-25% mean body weight reduction at 68 weeks, outcomes that exceed semaglutide monotherapy and are competitive with the best available approved weight-loss pharmacotherapy. This guide covers how each component works, what the Phase 2 and Phase 3 clinical data shows, dosing context from the trial protocols, the safety profile, regulatory status, and how this combination compares to alternatives including tirzepatide and retatrutide.

Semaglutide Cagrilintide 29 min read

Semaglutide Peptide: The Complete Guide - Uses, Mechanism, Dosing, Safety & Research

Semaglutide is a synthetic glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist (GLP-1RA) that shares 94% structural similarity with the body's own GLP-1 hormone. Originally developed for type 2 diabetes, it is now among the most clinically studied metabolic peptides ever developed, with FDA-approved applications spanning diabetes management, obesity treatment, and cardiovascular risk reduction. This guide covers what semaglutide does, how it works at the receptor level, what the clinical evidence actually shows, how it is administered, its safety profile, dosing context, and where it stands regulatorily as of 2026.

Semaglutide 27 min read

Selank Peptide: The Complete Guide - Uses, Mechanism, Dosing, Safety & Research

Selank is a synthetic seven-amino-acid peptide developed in Russia, derived from tuftsin, the body's own immune-regulating tetrapeptide. It is classified as an anxiolytic and nootropic compound that reduces anxiety through multiple neurotransmitter systems simultaneously, without producing sedation, tolerance, or withdrawal effects at studied doses. This guide covers what Selank does, how it works, what the clinical research actually shows, dosing context, its safety profile, and its current regulatory status across jurisdictions.

Selank 25 min read

Retatrutide + Cagrilintide Peptide Blend: The Complete Guide - Uses, Mechanism, Dosing, Safety & Research

The Retatrutide + Cagrilintide peptide blend is a research compound combining two investigational peptides that together target four distinct receptor systems: the GLP-1, GIP, and glucagon receptors via Retatrutide, and the amylin receptors AMY1R and AMY3R via Cagrilintide. Each component has strong Phase 2 human clinical trial data, with Retatrutide achieving up to 24.2% mean weight reduction at 48 weeks, making this the most mechanistically comprehensive investigational metabolic peptide combination currently studied. This guide covers how each pathway works, what the individual and combination evidence shows, dosing context from clinical trials, safety considerations, and regulatory status as of July 2026.

Retatrutide Cagrilintide 29 min read

Retatrutide Peptide: The Complete Guide - Uses, Mechanism, Dosing, Safety & Research

Retatrutide (development code LY3437943) is a synthetic 39-amino acid peptide developed by Eli Lilly that simultaneously activates three receptor pathways - GLP-1, GIP, and glucagon receptors - making it the first triple receptor agonist to reach large-scale human clinical trials. It is primarily studied for obesity, type 2 diabetes, and metabolic liver disease, with Phase 2 randomized controlled trial data showing mean body weight reductions of up to 24.2% at 48 weeks - the largest documented by any pharmacological agent in the published literature. This guide covers what retatrutide does, how its triple receptor mechanism works, what Phase 2 and preclinical research shows, dosing context, safety considerations, and its current regulatory and sports status.

Retatrutide 26 min read

Bacteriostatic Water: The Complete Guide - Uses, Safety & Research

Bacteriostatic Water for Injection, USP is a sterile pharmaceutical-grade solvent composed of Water for Injection and 0.9% benzyl alcohol. It is the standard reconstitution vehicle for lyophilized research peptides, enabling multi-dose use from a single vial over a 28-day stability window. This guide covers what bacteriostatic water is, how its preservative system works, when to use it versus alternatives, storage requirements, safety contraindications, and what the research on reconstitution science actually shows.

Bacteriostatic Water 22 min read

Reconstitution Solution: The Complete Guide - Uses, Mechanism, Dosing, Safety & Research

Reconstitution solution is the sterile liquid used to dissolve a lyophilized (freeze-dried) peptide or biologic compound into an injectable form. The choice of diluent, most commonly bacteriostatic water, sterile water for injection, or normal saline, directly affects peptide stability, shelf life after mixing, and safety. This guide covers what reconstitution solution is, how each type works, which diluent is appropriate for which situation, proper handling and storage, and the safety considerations every peptide researcher should understand before opening a vial.

Reconstitution Solution 29 min read

PT-141 Peptide: The Complete Guide - Uses, Mechanism, Dosing, Safety & Research

PT-141, known pharmaceutically as bremelanotide and sold as Vyleesi, is a synthetic cyclic heptapeptide that activates melanocortin receptors in the brain to generate sexual desire and arousal. It is the only compound in its class to achieve FDA approval, cleared in 2019 for hypoactive sexual desire disorder (HSDD, defined as persistently deficient sexual desire causing marked distress) in premenopausal women. This guide covers what PT-141 does, how it works, what the clinical research shows, dosing context across its studied uses, its safety profile, and its current regulatory status for both approved and investigational applications.

Pt 141 26 min read

Prostamax Peptide: The Complete Guide - Uses, Mechanism, Dosing, Safety & Research

Prostamax is a synthetic tetrapeptide bioregulator with the amino acid sequence Lys-Glu-Asp-Pro (KEDP), developed within the Khavinson peptide research program at the St. Petersburg Institute of Bioregulation and Gerontology. It is primarily studied for its effects on prostate tissue health, reducing inflammation, preventing fibrosis, and supporting tissue repair in preclinical models, and for its epigenetic mechanism, which involves inducing chromatin decondensation in human cells to potentially reactivate genes silenced by the aging process. This guide covers what Prostamax is, how it works at the chromatin level, what the preclinical research shows, administration context, dosing ranges documented in research, safety data, and its current status as a compound not approved for human use in any jurisdiction.

Prostamax 25 min read

PNC-27 Peptide: The Complete Guide - Uses, Mechanism, Dosing, Safety & Research

PNC-27 is a synthetic anticancer peptide engineered to selectively destroy cancer cells by targeting HDM-2, a protein that appears on the outer surface of cancer cell membranes but not on normal cells. It kills cancer cells by binding to this surface target and punching transmembrane pores through the cell membrane, causing rupture and necrotic cell death. This mechanism operates independently of p53 tumor suppressor status, which is mutated or lost in roughly half of all human cancers. Research spans multiple cancer cell lines and documents a well-characterized cellular mechanism, but PNC-27 remains strictly preclinical: no human clinical trials have been registered or completed, no validated dosing exists, the FDA has issued safety warnings following confirmed bacterial contamination in commercially available products, and the human safety profile is entirely unknown.

Pnc 27 27 min read

Pinealon Peptide: The Complete Guide - Uses, Mechanism, Dosing, Safety & Research

Pinealon is a synthetic tripeptide bioregulator composed of three amino acids: glutamic acid, aspartic acid, and arginine, arranged in the sequence Glu-Asp-Arg (also abbreviated EDR). It is primarily studied for neuroprotection, cognitive aging support, circadian rhythm regulation, and cellular stress protection. This guide covers what Pinealon does, how it works, what the research actually shows, dosing context from the available literature, safety considerations, and its current regulatory status.

Pinealon 27 min read

PEG-MGF Peptide: The Complete Guide - Uses, Mechanism, Dosing, Safety & Research

PEG-MGF (Pegylated Mechano Growth Factor) is a synthetic, stabilized version of MGF , a splice variant of IGF-1 that the body produces naturally in response to mechanical stress and tissue damage. The polyethylene glycol (PEG) modification extends the peptide's working lifespan from minutes to a meaningful duration, making it viable for research. It is studied primarily for skeletal muscle repair, bone and cartilage regeneration, cardiac protection, and neuroprotection, with all existing evidence coming from preclinical models. This guide covers what PEG-MGF is, how it works, what the research shows, what real-world users report, and the full safety and regulatory picture.

Peg Mgf 26 min read